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Kessel run


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Hyperspace engine sam po sebi nije dovoljan, treba mu i hypermatter fuel (ono gadno plavo). Pošto smo mi daleko od toga, prvo se razmišljalo o običnim "suvim" baterijama. 

 

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Ovo je prava riznica raznih koncepata, uglavnom brodova na nuklearni pogon. Sa današnjim napretkom informatike postalo je moguće ilustrovati ili napraviti 3D modele motora i letelica iz studija od pre pola veka. Ima brat bratu nekoliko hiljada slika, što ni u ludilo ne bih mogao sve da prenesem ovde, tako dač skuvajte kafu ili čaj, zavalite se i krenite da čitate. :D

 

http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/

 

Preporu;ujem da pre]ete po;etnu stranu i odaberete neku od kategorija iz futera. Dosta projekata ima linkove ka studijama gde su prvi put pomenuti. 

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Uspešno testiran motor Blue Origin BE-4. 

 

Ovaj motor je od starta razvijan kao višekratni pa tako ima mogućnost da smanji potisak na ispod 20%  što dozvoljava prvom stepenu rakete da bukvalno lebdi pre sletanja (što konkurentski SpaceX Falcon 9 Merlin motor ne može). 

 

http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Its_a_success!_Blue_Origin_conducts_first_hot_fire_test_of_BE_4_engine_999.html

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Novel Thrusters Being Developed for Nanosats

 

At a fraction of the volume and mass of traditional satellites, nanosatellites hold distinct advantages over their larger cousins, such as low launch cost and mass producibility. Most space agencies around the world have recognized that nanosats have excellent scope in future.

Due to their small size, nanosats can be built with cameras and GPS systems of existing devices such as cell phones.  Such devices have advanced components, which have been perfected for use on Earth, and can also be utilized in space. The biggest challenges for nanosats lie in the area of propulsion and attitude control.

However, according to Michigan Technological University’s L. Brad King, this is one technology need that is unique to space: “Even the best smartphones don’t have miniaturized rocket engines, so we need to develop them from scratch.”

Sophisticated Attitude Control Systems (ACS) require complex mechanisms which can’t be scaled to fit on nanosats, hence existing ACS for large satellites can’t be utilized in nanosats. One approach  under extensive research is the area of building microscopic needles to spray thin jets of fluid, which push a satellite in the opposite direction. The needles spray a propellant known as ionic liquid; this needle is finer than a human hair. To maneuver a nanosat, a few hundred of such needles are required, all of which may fit in a postage stamp sized package. Due to their very small size, producing the needles is a huge design challenge.

 

“Because they are so small and intricate, they are expensive to make, and the needles are fragile,” said King.

To solve this challenge King and his team are working on a unique type of liquid called a ferrofluid. “Ferrofluid naturally forms a stationary pattern of sharp tips in the liquid surface,” said King. “Each tip in this self-assembling structure can spray a jet of fluid just like a micro-needle, so we don’t actually have to make any needles.”

Ferrofluid lies flat until under the effect of a magnetic force. In the presence of a magnetic field, the fluid suddenly forms a regular series of peaks, which retain their shape even when disturbed. “It’s fascinating to watch,” said King. “The peaks get taller and skinnier, and taller and skinnier, and at some point the rounded tips instantly pop into nano-sharp points and start emitting ions.”

The fascinating self-forming ferrofluid thrusters are still under development, and not yet ready to be fitted on nanosats. “First we have to really understand what is happening on a microscopic level, and then develop a larger prototype based on what we learn,” said King.

 

http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/aerospace-engineering/spacecraft-design/novel-thrusters-developed-nanosats/

 

Ovako izgledaju tečnosti sa sićušnim komadima metala. 

 

 

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New power generation and propulsion system for satellites
January 18, 2018, Carlos III University of Madrid

 

Researchers at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid have designed and patented a new propellantless system for satellites that allows generation of electric power and on-board thrust. This innovation, which has led to two national patents, has attracted the interest of the European Space Agency and of the space industry.

 

The system is based on what is known as a low-work-function tether, a thin, km-size aluminum tape of a few centimeters width with enhanced electron emission properties on receiving sunlight and heat. The tape, which is rolled up in a reel during the launch, is deployed once in orbit.

Via electromagnetism, the tether can generate power passively as the altitude of the satellite lowers. Conversely, if there is available power for on-board use, the tether can be used to produce a thrust force that increases the altitude of the orbit. Inventor Gonzalo Sánchez Arriaga, Ramón y Cajal researcher at the Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Department at UC3M, says, "This is a disruptive technology because it allows one to transform orbital energy into electrical energy and vice versa without using any type of consumable.

"Unlike current propulsion technologies, the low-work function tether needs no propellant and it uses natural resources from the space environment such as the geomagnetic field, the ionospheric plasma and the solar radiation."

The two patents "System for generating electrical power in orbit by means of floating conductor cables," and "System for in-orbit propulsion via floating conductor cables," are based on an electrodynamic effect known as the Lorentz drag.

Lorentz drag can be easily observed by letting a magnet fall inside a copper tube. "Space tethers have been investigated for decades and have flown in more than 20 space missions. Our contribution to this technology comes from a strikingly simple design in which two lightweight aluminum tape deployed from a satellite without any active electron emitter are able to supply power and/or propulsion to a spacecraft. Besides, to make things more efficient, we thought about exploiting the photoelectric effect of the tapes exposed to sunlight. We believe that this is an extremely important simplification which can boost tether technology," states the other patent author, Claudio Bombardelli, from the UPM Space Dynamic research group.

 

 

Possible applications


The system provides useful power in orbit while the satellite de-orbits, that is, its altitude is decreased until reentry and burning in the atmosphere. For this reason, the technology is ideal for eliminating space debris. In addition, if the satellite has onboard power, the tether can work the other way around and generate thrust to increase altitude.
"This could be an interesting application for the International Space Station (ISS), for instance. Nowadays, a large amount of propellant must be used to reboost the ISS altitude to compensate for the action of the atmospheric drag," Gonzalo Sánchez Arriaga notes. "With a low- work function tether and the energy provided by the solar panel of the ISS, the atmospheric drag could be compensated without the use of propellant," he adds.
Due to its simplicity, passive operation, and lack of consumables, the low-work-function tethers represent a promising technology for in-space power and thrust generation, according to the researchers. They have provided information about low-work-function tethers to the European Space Agency and are in touch with experts in the USA and Japan. In addition, important stakeholders in the space sector, such as the Spanish company SENER, showed their interested in this innovation.
The next steps include the extension of the patents to the European area and to start the manufacturing of small-scale prototypes. "The biggest challenge is its manufacturing because the tether should gather very specific optical and electron emission properties," says Sánchez Arriaga." "We have been awarded very recently a small research grant by the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness of Spain to investigate promising materials. We are also coordinating an international consortium and submitted a FET-OPEN R&D proposal to the European Commission. The FET-OPEN project would be foundational because it considers the manufacturing and characterization of the first low work function tether and the development of a deorbit kit based on this technology to be tested on a future space mission. If funded, it would be a stepping stone to the future of low-work-function tethers in space," he concludes.

 

https://phys.org/news/2018-01-power-propulsion-satellites.html

 

Ovo je fantastično. :D Decenijama lupaju glavu oko toga kako skladištiti gorivo u orbiti, kako razviti tegljače koji će pomerati satelite na višu orbitu ili ih dopunjavati gorivom a onda neko smisli ovako genijalno jednostavnu stvar koja rešava problem. Više neće morati da se šalje gorivo na kosmičke stanice niti da se sateliti opterećuju rezervoarima za gorivo. U stvari, članak iznad bi savršeno legao nekom takvom budućem satelitu. Minijaturni dron/robot će koristiti takav mikro motor da razvije traku od kilometra dužine. 

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